| Blending problems Blending problems involve the determination of the best blend of available ingredients to form a certain quantity of a product under strict specifications. The best blend means the least-cost blend of inputs required to meet a designated level of output or given specifications. Blending problems are especially important in the process industries such as petroleum, chemicals, and food, and in fields where a certain level of service is desired at minimum cost. The decision maker must determine the ingredients to use and in what quantities. |
| Crude oil refining problems XYZ Oil Company produces four products in its refinery in unit I and in unit II; gasoline, heating oil, jet fuel, and lubricating oil. These products are made from four available crude oils. The first three crudes are processed in unit I; the fourth crude is processed in either unit I or unit II. OnIy unit II is capable of producing lube oil in addition to the other three products. |
| Maximal flow problem The objective in this problem is to find the maximum amount of flow of fluid, traffic, information, and so on, that can be transported through a capacitated (capacity limited) network. Such a network is composed of a source and a sink and connecting arcs and nodes. |
| Minimal cost flow problem The minimal cost flow problem might arise in a logistics network where people and materials are being moved between various points in the world. It may be associated with the movement of locomotives between points in a railroad network to satisfy power for trains at least travel cost. Minimal cost network flow problems occur in the design and analysis of communication systems, oil pipeline systems, tanker scheduling problems, and a variety of other areas. |
| Product-mix problems In a product-mix problem, there are two or more products (also called candidates or activities) such as TV models, competing for limited resources such as limited production capacity. The problem is to find out which products to include in the production plan and in what quantities these should be produced (product mix) in order to maximize profit, market share, or some other goal. |
| Project management-planning and
control Project management is distinguished from production management primarily by the nonrepetitive nature of the work; a project is usually a one time effort. Although similar work may have been done previously, or may be done in the future. It is not usually repeated in the identical manner such as cars or TV sets being manufactured on a production line. The management of projects more complicated than the management of a production line due to the following characteristics, generally typical of all projects to a greater or lesser degree. |
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